The article scrutinizes four groups of words based on common lexical morphemes. The material for the inquiry was gathered from large Polish dictionaries. Consequently, the construing procedure could evolve both synchronically and diachronically. The synchronic examination brought to light various emotional and semantic connections between the words in question, and indicated a field of the strongest links of synonymy. This field is constituted by the senses of the words: “etyka”, “moralnośc”, “obyczajność” and “obyczajowość”, which roughly correspond to the English “ethics”, (...) “morals”, “decency” and “good manners”. Certain other semantic fields of looser integration have also been shown. The diachronic examination concerned language shifts. The words: “obyczaj” and “zwyczaj” and all their derivatives had been in use before 16th century. The words “etyka” and “moralność” came to use in the centuries 16th through 18th, and fully spread afterwards. (shrink)

The aim of the article is establishing the link between philosophical problematization and the way of life of the man. This connection is becoming apparent in particular in Edmund Husserl’s analyses concerning issues of the crisis. Philosophical problematization is a kind of the new attitude and has its beginning in the appearance of the Greek philosophy. Conducting philosophical problematization, the man is gaining the real image of the world, of oneself; what is more, the man is attaining to a higher (...) level of the humanity. The highest level of the humanity means in the light of the Husserlian phenomenology that the man is discovering in himself transcendental „I”. (shrink)

Author: Wojewódzki Tadeusz Title: REMARKS BASED AN A WAY OF THINKING (Uwagi na kanwie sposobu myślenia) Source: Filo-Sofija year: 2011, vol:.12, number: 2011/1, pages: 213-237 Keywords: JERZY KMITA, THEORY OF CULTURE, WAY OF THINKING, KNOWLEDGE Discipline: PHILOSOPHY Language: POLISH Document type: ARTICLE Publication order reference (Primary author’s office address): E-mail: www:In the interpretation of the actions of communities, teams or organizations – it is crucial, according to the author of this publication, to consider their way of thinking. Referring to Professor (...) Jerzy Kmita’s theory of culture, the way of thinking adopted in the publication is identified based on values and knowledge that are shaped within the frame of the intellectual partnership, as well as being respected and applied in practice. The way of thinking – reproduced on the basis of the actual actions – can significantly deviate from that which is stated, accepted, or articulated as desired. Mental barriers determine this. Their identification is based – in the proposed concept – on an analysis of syndromes. The more significant the share of mental barrier syndromes is for the organization’s way of thinking, the greater the difference between the actual and desired state of affairs. The competences achieved through academic humanistic education are necessary in the blocking of mental barrier syndromes. From the perspective of the needs of modern organizations, skills in information processes appear to be very useful. The author attributes a special role to the quantification of knowledge. Reflections on the mental barrier syndromes are included by the author in The Theory of a thinking organization analogously to The Theory of a learning organization or The Theory of constraints. At the same time he highlights its interdisciplinary character and intellectual pedigree, pointing at the methodological school of Poznań, especially the thoughts of Professor Jerzy Kmita. (shrink)

Předložený článek si na základě rozboru hlavních motivů ve Foucaultově a Canguilhemově pojetí norem klade za cíl vymezit, jaká je vzájemná vazba mezi biologickou a společenskou normativitou a jakým typem moci na nás normy vlastně působí. V souladu s interpretací navrženou Pierrem Macherey se pokusíme sílu norem vystihnout v termínech jejich „imanence a produktivity" a ukázat, proč nelze normy chápat dle modelu zákona, který by ke svému předmětu přistupoval zvnějšku. Poslední část pak přináší odpověď na otázku, jaký typ individualizace či (...) subjektivizace toto pojetí diskvalifikuje a jaké možnosti ponechává pro svébytnou singularitu v rámci normativního pole. (shrink)

ŠVIHURA, L. 2019. Umenie života a liberálna kultúra. Prešov: Filozofická fakulta Prešovskej univerzity v Prešove. ISBN 978-80-555-2322-4.

Znanstveno proučavanje postanka prvog života unutar zasebnog područja teorijske biologije počinje pedesetih godina 20. stoljeća. To područje do danas nema stabilan oblik niti vladajuću teoriju, nego je predstavljeno brojnim teorijama koje proučavaju zasebne dijelove velike slagalice koja objašnjava podrijetlo prvog života. Ovaj rad: 1) daje kratak pregled i problematiku područja; 2) predstavlja najvažnije teorije postanka prvog života; 3) izdvaja odgovore na pitanje kada je nastao prvi život; 4) pita se kakvog je bio oblika; te 5) tumači empirijske (...) podatke iz filozofske perspektive. Razmatranje postojećih teorija i tumačenje empirijskih podataka ukazuje na jalovost dosadašnjih pokušaja kojima nedostaje teorijska konzistentnost ili empirijska potpora, iz čega se mogu interpretirati divergentne tvrdnje o naravi živog svijeta.The foundation of the scientific study of the first life within a separate field of theoretical biology begins in the nineteen fifties. This area has not yet reached a stable shape neither a dominant theory, but a number of theories that examine the separate parts of a large puzzle which explains the origin of the first life. This paper: 1) offers brief overview of the problem areas; 2) presents the most important theories on foundation of the first life; 3) emphasizes certain answers to the question of the first emergence; 4) asks what the first life was like; and 5) interpret the empirical data from philosophical perspective. Consideration of existing theories and interpretations of empirical data points to the futility of past attempts which lack theoretical consistency or empirical support, from which divergent arguments about the nature or the origin of the first life can be interpreted. (shrink)

[The meaning of life according to V. E. Frankl].

U radu se nastoji sagledati Pirandellovo shvaćanje života i umjetnosti, dvije po njemu međusobno neodijeljene dimenzije. Prepoznavši u umjetnosti njezinu moć kojom prodire pod površinu zbilje, razotkrivajući je kao obmanu, Pirandello, transponirajući »stvarnost« u svijet umjetnosti, dovodi ne samo svoje duboko tragične likove već i čitatelje, pred golu istinu realnosti koju može dohvatiti i prikazati samo umjetničko stvaralaštvo. Istina Pirandellove umjetnosti nameće se kao istina realnosti, a budući da ruši sve čovjekove imaginarne konstrukcije, prikazujući mu, u zaustavljanoj slici (...) class='Hi'>života apsurdnost i ništavilo njegove egzistencije, nužno se nameće pitanje važnosti čovjekova boravka u istini umjetnosti.The paper is intended to outline Pirandello’s concepts of art and life, which are, according to him, two inseparable dimensions. Having recognized the power of art, used to delve underneath the surface of reality, disclosing it as a delusion, Pirandello–transposing ‘reality’ into the world of art – brought not only his deeply tragic characters, but his readers too, before the naked truth of reality that can only be grasped by artistic creation. The truth of Pirandello’s art imposes itself as the truth of reality, and since it destroys all of man’s imaginary constructions, showing them, in a frozen image of life, the absurdity and void of their existence, the issue of the importance of man’s sojourn in the truth of art is necessarily raised. (shrink)

Larry Laudan v článku z roku 1983 označil problém demarkace, tj. rozlišení „vědy" a „pseudovědy", za filosofický pseudoproblém, kterým není třeba se zabývat, a slova „vědecké" a „pseudovědecké" za prázdné pojmy, které můžeme z našeho slovníku zcela vyškrtnout. V předkládané studii zpochybňuji toto Laudanovo stanovisko a předkládám argumenty ve prospěch tvrzení, že 1) rozlišení vědy a pseudovědy představuje důležitý a aktuální problém, kterým je třeba se zabývat, a že 2) možný způsob řešení tohoto problému nabízejí současná sociální studia vědy. Jejich (...) východiskem je pojetí vědy jako „formy života" a pojetí demarkačního kritéria jako proměnlivého souboru charakteristik, který sice nelze jednoznačně definovat, ale přesto jej lze zkoumat, a to prostřednictvím sociologické analýzy vědecké praxe. Mým záměrem je na příkladu několika vzorových studií představit specifika sociologického přístupu z hlediska jeho metodologie i povahy nabízených řešení a zhodnotit jeho možnosti i omezení pro filosofii vědy. (shrink)

The article focuses on Rahel Jaeggi’s project of a critique of forms of life. Jaeggi seeks to create a new theory of social critique whose object is what Jaeggi calls a form of life: an ensemble of practices within which we always already live our lives and which represent solutions to certain problems. The critical procedure that Jaeggi defends is an immanent one, meaning that social critics, rather than bringing in external standards, should concentrate on contradictions characterizing forms of life (...) themselves. This procedure presupposes a concept of social change, which happens in a rational way and admits progressive development. This concept in turn serves as the highest criterium for a critique of forms of life. (shrink)

In einem früheren Artikel wurde untersucht, wie Philosophen wie Ernst Cassirer, Ludwig Klages und Max Scheler mit dem Themenkomplex „Geist und Leben“ umgingen. In ei nem zweiten Teil geht es über die Frage der Geist-Leben-Beziehung hinaus um die Frage, wie sich Cassirer mit der Lebensphilosophie im Allgemeinen (und mit der Philosophie von Ludwig Klages insbesondere) beschäftigt und zwar nicht nur damals in seinem Scheler Aufsatz, sondern auch im dritten, gleich 1929 veröffentlichten Band der Philosophie der symbolischen Formen sowie in den (...) Nachlassmanuskripten zum geplanten vierten Band. Aus dieser Untersuchung geht hervor, dass man Cassirer durchaus als Klages-Kenner ein stufen kann, und (a) auf dessen Klages-Kritik, (b) auf eine mögliche klagesianische Antwort darauf und schließlich (c) auf die wichtigen, in der Forschungsliteratur oft übersehenen Affinitäten zwischen Cassirer und Klages – vor allem hinsichtlich solcher Themen wie des Symbols, des Spieles und der Rolle des Ästhetischen – wird hier systematisch eingegangen. (shrink)

Heidegger przedstawia koncepcje jestestwa współzależnego od bycia, którą można by nazwać prehumanizmem, ponieważ jest ona bardziej źródłowa od koncepcji humanizmu Sartre’a. Heidegger krytykuje humanizm uwikłany w metafizykę i twierdzi, że odwrócenie zasady metafizycznej pozostaje zasadą metafizyczną, dlatego Sartre jest dla niego metafizykiem, który nie potrafi dotrze do bycia oraz właściwie przemyśle i wypowiedzieć prawdy bycia, a więc, jak si ę wydaje, nie potrafi też prowadzić autentycznej egzystencji. Niewątpliwie ontologia fundamentalna Heideggera jest bardziej pierwszą filozofią niż ontologia fenomenologiczna Sartre’a, aczkolwiek spopularyzowany (...) przez Sartre’a egzystencjalizm na pewno ma większą siłę oddziaływania społecznego niż sformułowana w hermetycznym języku analityka egzystencjalna Heideggera. (shrink)

The aim of this research was to see if there is a difference in the psychological resilience and quality of life of pupils attending elementary school and pupils attending both elementary school and elementary music school. The research also examined the potential gender differences in the results with respect to the school the pupils attended. The research included pupils of comparable age – those in the final years of elementary school and in the final years of elementary music school. The (...) convenience sample consisted of a total of 218 pupils. Ungar’s Child and Youth Resilience Measure was used, as well as the Croatian version of the Kidscreen Questionaire-52. The results are presented through descriptive statistics and processed by a two-way analysis of variance. The results show that pupils who attend both elementary school and elementary music school are more resilient with better life adjustment than pupils who attend only elementary school. There were no gender differences with respect to the school that the pupils attended. The results of the research show engagement in music as a potential protective factor in the development of psychological resilience and life adjustment in children. (shrink)

Translation of Plotinus and the Philosophical Way of Life by Suzanne Stern-Gillet and Pavlos Kalligas.